Key Areas

Biodegradable

Compostable & Plant-Based

Materials such as PLA (polylactic acid), bagasse, and moulded pulp are increasingly used for food service packaging. Compostability certifications in Canada are governed by BNQ and CSA standards.

Recyclable

Conventional Recycling Streams

PET bottles, HDPE containers, corrugated cardboard, and glass remain the most reliably recyclable materials across Canada's provincial extended producer responsibility (EPR) frameworks.

Regulations

Canadian Regulatory Context

Federal single-use plastics regulations took effect under CEPA. Provincial EPR programmes — operating in BC, Ontario, Quebec, and other provinces — place recycling cost obligations on producers and importers.

Certifications

Recognised Standards

The BNQ 9011-911 standard is the primary Canadian certification for compostable packaging. FSC and PEFC certifications apply to paper and wood fibre materials sourced from responsibly managed forests.

Design

Designing for End-of-Life

Packaging design decisions — material choice, adhesives, inks, and multi-layer construction — directly affect recyclability. Single-material designs generally achieve higher recovery rates than laminated alternatives.

Supply Chain

Packaging Across Distribution

Secondary and tertiary packaging (stretch wrap, pallets, void fill) represents a significant material volume in distribution operations. Alternatives to expanded polystyrene and single-use film are increasingly available.

Material Comparison

Material Category Curbside Recyclable (Canada) Compostable Certified Common Use
PET (#1) Recyclable Yes — most provinces No Beverage bottles, trays
HDPE (#2) Recyclable Yes — most provinces No Jugs, caps, bags
Corrugated cardboard Recyclable Yes — widely No Shipping boxes, secondary packaging
Bagasse Compostable No BNQ / BPI eligible Food containers, plates
PLA Compostable No — not in most streams BNQ / DIN CERTCO Cold cups, cutlery, film
Moulded pulp Compostable / Recyclable Yes (uncoated) Eligible (uncoated) Egg trays, electronics packaging
Glass Recyclable Yes — deposit programs No Bottles, jars